| Elros Star-foam | el-, "star" [EL-] ros, "foam, spray" [ROS1-] |
| On ascension, he called himself Tar-Minyatur. This sounds rather miniature but actually means "first royal lord". | tára, "lofty" [TA-, TA3-] minya "first" [MINI-] tur "master, victor, lord" [TUR-]. |
| DA gives Elrosâ Adûnaic name as Gimilzôr which seems to be a literal translation. | gimil "star". *zôr "foam"? |
| Vardamir Varda's Jewel | Varda [BARÃD-] mîrë "jewel" [MIR-] |
| He was also called Nólimon "for his chief love was for ancient lore". Afterwards, all kings and queens of the Line of Elros assumed the prefix Tar- which subsequently will not be translated any longer. | Seems to contain nolwe- [NGOL-] but cannot readily be interpreted: < adj. *nólima with m. suff. -on, thus "the Learned"? |
| Tar-Amandil Bliss-Friend | Aman "[Land of) Bliss" nilda, "friendly, loving", according to S devoted love [NIL-], see also L297. |
| The Lords of Andunië Amandil and Elendil were probably called in honour of this king and his son, see below. | |
| DA gives the Adûnaic name of Amandil as Aphanuzîr, thus the king would be called *Ar-Aphanuzîr. | *Aphana, Bliss. This is not the Land of Aman for according to NC, Adûnaic had simply adopted the name Aman, as in Aman-thâni > Amatthâni. zîr "love". |
| Tar-Elendil Friend of Elves and Stars | elda "elf" [éLED-] or elen "(poetic) star" [EL-] nilda |
| He was also called Parmaitë "Make-handed", "for with his own hand he made many books and legends of the lore". | *par- "compose, put together" [PAR-] maitë "handed, skilled" [MA3-, but there given as maite] |
| The Adûnaic form Nimruzîr for Elendil, found in DA, translates only the meaning "Elf-friend": Nimir, obj. Nimru, and zîr. Thus *Ar-Nimruzîr. | Nimir "Elf" zîr. |
| Tar-Meneldur Servant of the Sky | menel "starry sky", literally "region of the stars", a compound of mena "region" [MEN-] & el, cf. Adûnaic minal dur, ndur, "bow down, obey, serve" [NDU-] |
| Less literally, his name means "astronomer". He assumed it for "his love of star-lore". Apparently it means "professional Astronomer" in contrast to meneldil, a "star-friend", though this is likewise translated "astronomer" in L297. | |
| His birth-name was Ãrimon "The Fair". | Ãrima "fair" [ID-]. m. suff.-on. |
| Tar-Aldarion Son of the Trees | pl. of alda "tree" [GALAD-] patron. suff. -ion [YONN-] |
| He was early on called like that "because he was much concerned with trees". | |
| His birth name was Anardil, "Sun-friend". | anar "sun" [NAR1-] nilda. |
| Tar-Ancalimë She who is Exceedingly Bright (though not of mind) | a superlative of calima [KAL-, according to L211; the form calina in TE is very likely erroneous] a f. suff. |
| Her throne name was already her birth name, given to her because of her beauty (AE). In her youth, she was also known as Emerwen Aranel "Princess Shepherdess". | emer- "sheep"? [of uncertain origin], cf. Emerië f. suff. âwen. |
| Tar-Anárion Son of the Sun | anar -ion. |
| Anárion was already his birth name, being quite suitable for a son of "the Brightest One". Perhaps his mother understood herself as a sun-queen? | |
| Tar-Súrion Son of the Wind | súr- "wind" [of uncertain origin] -ion |
| The base of súr- is not found in TE, but the meaning "wind" is evident from súrinen in the poem "Namarië". TE has vaiwa, waiwa instead which would produce *Tar-Vaivarion. | |
| Tar-Telperien Silver One | telpe "silver" [KYELEP-/TELEP-] f. suff. -ien. |
| The name seems to mimic that of the silver tree, Telperion, displaying the influence of Telerin telpe. In both cases, he insertion of -r-, rather than producing *Telpion, *Tar-Telpien, is uninterpretable. | |
| Tar-Minastir Watcher from the Tower | minas "tower"??? [MINI-]. Properly a Sindarin element: Quenya, according to TE, has mindo. Did there also exist an unrecorded form minassë? tir- "watch" [TIR-] |
| Another astronomer. He chose his name "because he built a high tower" from which he observed the stars. Which means that he built the astronomical tower before his ascension, of course. | |
| Tar-Ciryatan Ship-builder or Shipwright | cirya "ship" [KIR-] tano "craftsman, smith" [TAN-] |
| Sometimes also translated as "King Shipwright" for "he built a great fleet of royal ships". His name is the Quenya form of Cirdan whom Tar-Ciryatan perhaps mimicked. | |
| In PM translated into Adûnaic as Ar-Balkumagan. | The objective (used as a collective) of *balak "ship". NC records plural balika. *magan "builder". Perhaps is MAG- & suff. âân, analogous to sap(h)thân [SAPHAD], phazân and should then be written magân. |
| Tar-Atanamir Jewel of Mankind | probably atan "man" [of uncertain origin] mîrë. |
| The name is hard to interpret and perhaps offers some other solutions as well. | |
| Tar-Ancalimon He who is Exceedingly Bright | The male form of Tar-Ancalimë. |
| Tar-Telemmaitë Silver-handed | telep (Telerin) maitë, with central assimilation |
| He "was so called because of his love of silver" and mithril. | |
| Tar-Vanimeldë Fair Elf | vanima [BAN-] elda. |
| The name is surprising with regard to her ancestress Tar-Ancalimë, said to have been the most beautiful queen before Tar-MÃriel. | |
| Her husband later took the throne as Tar-Anducal, a name that is difficult to interpret - "long light"? | anda "long" [ÃNAD-, ANDA-]? cal. |
| Tar-Alcarin Glorious | a substantivation of alcar "glorious" [AKLAR-, related to KAL-]. |
| Nomen est omen: under his reign Númenor achieved the climax of its splendour. | |
| Tar-Calmacil Light-Sword | cal macil "sword" [MAK-]. |
| His name was separated by Foster into Calma-cil "lamp-bright spark" but really is Cal-macil.(Hello, Darth Vader!) So much is evident from the reason why he chose this name: "for in his youth he was a great captain, and won wide lands along the coasts of Middle-earth". | |
| He was the first one to officially claim an Adûnaic title: Ar-Belzagar, evidently a literal translation. The similarity to the Biblical Belsazar is probably intentional. But according to NC the name should in fact read *Ar-Bêlzagar. Compare also the proper name Gimilzagar, evidently "Star-sword". It is very interesting that in Quenya this would render *Elemmacil - and indeed, one Elemmakil appears in AG as guardian of Gondolin! | *bel "light", not related to verbal stem bêl- "love" zagar "sword", clearly related to NC azgarra "waging war". |
| Tar-Ardamin Pillar of Earth | arda "Earth" [GAR-] min[MINI-]. |
| The name - accidentally omitted from KR but made official be LE - was clearly intended as a reflection on Menelmin "Pillar of Heaven", an earlier name of the central mountain of Númenor (NC). The connexion was lost when the orographic name was changed into Meneltarma. By consequence, should the king not have called himself *Tar-Ardatarma? | |
| Adûnaic Ar-Abattârik likewise mimics the orographic Minul-Târik and so certainly is a literal translation. | *aban (with assimilation nt > tt), *abat, or *abat(t)a "earth". NC instead gives daira târik "pillar". |
| Tar-Herunúmen Lord of the West | heru "master" [KHER-] númen "West", a compound of núta "set, sink (of sun or moon)" [NDU-] & men. |
| It is reported that the Faithful considered his name an offense, for the Lord of the West in the proper sense was Manwë. And indeed, in NC the Valar are properly called "Lords of the West" - but númeheruvi, the singular herunúmen appears only in a rejected text. Is Elf-Latin such free in constructing compounds, or do the elements change position when a plural is formed? | |
| This king was the first to use an Adûnaic name on ascension: Ar-Adûnakhôr. This form is even more baffling: the plural bârim an-adûn given in NC (in the rejected text is found the singular bârun-adûnô) bears no resemblance to Adûnakhôr. So why would the Faithful get excited about his choice at all? The name is likely to be separated Adûn-akhôr for an -a-inflexion would not occur in such structures: A compound Adûn + *khôr would have resulted in Adûkkhôr. |
adûn "West" *akhôr "Lord" |
| Tar-Hostamir Jewel-Collector | hosta "collect" [KHOTH-] mîrë. |
| It is easy to see what Tar-Hostamir's passion was. Or is he rather a "Collected Jewel"? | |
| Adûnaic Ar-Zimrathôn This may be a participle of a verbal stem *zimrath-, related to the noun zimra "jewel". Zimrathôn would thus resemble in structure words like zabathan "humbled". | zimra- "jewel", *zimrath- "to collect jewels"? part. suff. *âôn |
| Tar-Falassion Son of the Shore | falassë "shore" [PHAL-, PHÃLAS-] -ion. |
| Does that indicate the place where he was conceived? Or did he rather think of the shores of Middle-earth where he governed the Númenorean dominions? | |
| Adûnaic Ar-Sakalthôr, neither component is found elsewhere. | *sakal "beach"? a patronymic suffix -thôr? But in DA the patronymic suffix is given as âôhin, though this may perhaps mean "child of" (cf. Quenya hÃn), not "son of". |
| Tar-Telemnar Silver Flame | telpë narë "fire" [NAR1-] with central assimilation. |
| Why he took this name seems unclear. | |
| But in Adûnaic he was most surprisingly Ar-Gimilzôr, though he avoided to call himself *Tar-Elros in Quenya. Perhaps he played a pun on the Faithful by making use of homonyms: | gimil "star" perhaps also means "flame", considering the fiery appearance of the celestial bodies zôr "foam" is perhaps also an adjectival base meaning "of silver colour", cf. the proper name Imrazôr? |
| Tar-Palantir He Who Looks afar | palan "far, distant, wide, to a great extent" [PAL-] tir. |
| He assumed a new name in Quenya because he considered himself "far-sighted both in eye and mind". Originally, he was (Tar-)Númellótë "Flower of the West". This is again confusing: Why does númen now stand in front position like in númeheruvi but not in Herunúmen? | númen with central assimilation lotë "flower" [LOT(H)-, there spelt lóte] |
| Entirely baffling is the Adûnaic form Ar-Inziladûn, rather "West of the Flower", whose structure resembles no other compound of adûn: neither Adûnakhôr nor bârim an-adûn. Its only closer approximation is the female name Inzilbêth with the unlikely meaning "Flower-speaker". | *inzil "flower" adûn |
| Tar-Calion Son of the Light | cal- [KAL-] -ion. |
| Or less literally: "the Bright One". He was better known as Ar-Pharazôn "the Golden" which does not seem to be a translation. His Quenya name stayed out of use. | pharaz "gold" |
| Tar-MÃriel Jewel of a Daughter | mîrë suff. -iel "daughter" [YEL-]. |
| Ar-Pharazôn translated his wife's name into Adûnaic as Ar-Zimraphel that according to NC should have been written *Ar-Zimraphêl. | zimra -phel "daughter", a very late change from-hil. |